筆譯的基礎技巧有哪些?

　　筆譯翻譯是常用的翻譯之一，在平時的工作中積累的一些技巧，有利于提高筆譯翻譯的水平，今天北京翻譯公司給大家帶來了筆譯的基礎技巧，希望可以幫到大家。

　　Translation is one of the commonly used translations. Some skills accumulated in ordinary work are conducive to improving the level of translation. Today, the Beijing Translation Company has brought us basic translation skills, hoping to help everyone.

　　一、增譯主語

　　Ⅰ. Add to the translation of the subject

　　由于英文表達習慣，常常用一些抽象名詞作為主語，而中文的表達習慣則需要把抽象變為具體;英文中常常會為了避免重復而多用介詞，中文則不怕重復，一個詞會用上好幾遍;英語中的復數名詞譯為漢語時，常常加入這些、各種、種種等，要視具體語境情況而定。

　　Because of the habit of expressing in English, some abstract nouns are often used as the subject, while the Chinese expression habit needs to turn the abstract into concrete. In English, prepositions are often used in order to avoid repetition, but Chinese is not afraid of repetition, and a word can be used several times. When translating plural nouns into Chinese, these, various, and so on are often added, depending on the context.

　　二、增譯謂語

　　Ⅱ.Add translation predicate

　　英語中出現兩個或多個相同謂語時，常常會省略，以使句子不那么贅余。而中文中則要譯出來，使其表達更加地道;英文中的介詞短語譯為中文時往往要增譯動詞;有些英語中的名詞在譯為中文時要加入相應的動詞，使其意義更加完整，表達更加明確。

　　When two or more of the same predicates are present in English, it is often omitted so that the sentence is less than that. In Chinese, the translation of the prepositional phrase in English is more idiomatic; the translation of the prepositional phrase in English into Chinese is often the subject of the translation of the verb; in some English, the corresponding verb is to be added when translated into Chinese, so that the meaning is more complete and the expression is more clear.

　　三、時間狀語

　　Ⅲ. Adverbials of time

　　1、 時間狀語常常可以直接翻譯，一般譯到主句前。

　　1. The time-like language is often translated directly into the main sentence.

　　2、有的時間狀語從句引導詞除了表示時間以外，還會附帶條件性，所以在翻譯的時候要譯出條件關系。

　　2, some time adverbial clause guides not only express time, but also attach conditionality, so we should translate conditional relation in translation.

　　四、原因狀語

　　Ⅳ. adverbial of cause

　　1、英語中的狀語位置較為靈活，既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后，而中文表達常常遵循“前因后果”的順序，所以在翻譯的時候也要注意調整語序。

　　1. The position of adverbial in English is more flexible, it can be placed before or after the main sentence, and Chinese expressions often follow the order of "cause and effect", so we should adjust the word order when translating.

　　2、但上述情況也不是絕對的，原因狀語也可放在主句后，這樣也對應了漢語中的結構“之所以……是因為”。

　　2, but the above situation is not absolute, the adverbial of reason can also be put after the subject sentence, which also corresponds to the Chinese structure. Because.

　　五、目的狀語

　　Ⅴ. object adverbial

　　1、總的來說，目的狀語放在主句前翻譯，把說明情況的主句放在后面。

　　In general, the adverbial is translated before the subject, and the main sentence explaining the situation is followed.

　　2、目的狀語也可譯在主句后邊，表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

　　Objective adverbials can also be translated after the main sentence to avoid, prevent, make, fear and so on.

　　六、譯成漢語的主動句

　　Ⅵ. Active sentences translated into Chinese

　　1、一般被動句的主語是無生命的主語，翻譯時常常要將原文主語譯為漢語中的主語。

　　1. The subject of a general passive sentence is an inanimate subject, which is often translated into the subject in Chinese.

　　2、主語賓語顛倒位置

　　2.The position of subject object is reversed

　　一般英語中當動作主體的詞前加上by時或由介詞短語構成時，那么在譯文中by后邊的動作主體詞或該介詞短語中的名詞就要充當主語，賓語則是原文中的主語。

　　When an action subject is preceded by a by or is composed of a prepositional phrase in general English, the action subject word or the noun in the prepositional phrase after the by in the target text is used as the subject, and the object is the subject in the original text.

　　3、增加主語

　　3. add subject

　　一些被動句在譯為主動句時要增加一些主語，比如我們、人們、大家等等。

　　Some passive sentences should be translated into active sentences by adding some subjects, such as us, people, everyone and so on.

　　七、譯成漢語中的無主句

　　Ⅶ. No Subject Sentences Translated into Chinese

　　漢語無主句較多，也是我們的思維方式和說話表達習慣等因素有關。很多情況下，我們和處于同一背景生長環境下的人聊天，都不需要說主語，但是對方大多數情況下，都能理解你的意思。

　　There are many non-subject sentences in Chinese, which are also related to our thinking mode and speaking habits and so on. In many cases, we don't have to talk to people from the same background, but most of the time they understand what you mean.

　　八、譯成被動句

　　Ⅷ. Translated into passive sentences

　　并不一定是所有英文中的被動句都譯為中文的主動句。當一些被動句著重在強調被動意義，這時突出的是被動的動作，那么這種情況下就要仍然譯為被動句。

　　Not all passive sentences in English are translated into active sentences in Chinese. When some passive sentences emphasize the passive meaning, then the passive actions will still be translated into the passive sentences.

中譯國際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.