翻譯中國詩歌有哪些難題？

　　中國詩歌在海外傳播已久，充分的展示了漢語之美，進行翻譯的時候有很多需要注意的事項，也有一定的難度，今天陪同翻譯給大家分享一下翻譯中國詩歌有哪些難題?

　　Chinese poetry has been spread abroad for a long time, fully demonstrating the beauty of Chinese. There are many matters needing attention and some difficulties in translating. What difficulties do you have in translating Chinese poetry with you today?

　　四聲平仄無對應

　　Four tones do not correspond to each other.

　　漢字的四聲在中國古典絕句和律詩中起的地位十分重要，而外文卻沒有聲調，因此中國古典詩詞中的平仄在翻譯成外文之后，自然也就無法表現。

　　The four tones of Chinese characters play an important role in Chinese classical quatrains and rhythmic poems, but there is no tone in foreign languages. Therefore, the level tone in Chinese classical poems can not be expressed naturally after being translated into foreign languages.

　　格律對偶難對照

　　Grammatical Duality is Difficult to Contrast

　　具體來講，古代的漢語是一個單音節的語言。因此，每行的停頓有一定的位子。比如，在五言絕句中，停頓在每行第二個音節后;而七言絕句，每行則有兩個停頓。在第二個音節之后，有一個比較短的停頓，在第四個音節之后，有一個則有個比較長的停頓。那種一致的現象當然也譯不過來。因此，“律詩里頭的那非常精美的對偶的句子也不容易譯成外文。”

　　Specifically speaking, ancient Chinese is a monosyllabic language. Therefore, there are certain seats at the pause of each line. For example, in a five-character quintessence, pause follows the second syllable in each line; in a seven-character quintessence, there are two pauses in each line. After the second syllable, there is a shorter pause, and after the fourth syllable, there is a longer pause. Of course, the same phenomenon can not be translated. Therefore, it is not easy to translate into foreign languages the very beautiful antithetical sentences in the rhyme poems.

　　長短句巧譯古詩

　　A Skillful Translation of Ancient Poems with Long and Short Sentences

　　雖然，翻譯家在把中國非常整齊的五言古詩和七言古詩譯成外文的時候，簡直沒有辦法反映原文的結構和節奏。但英國著名的漢學家兼翻譯家阿瑟·韋利(ArthurWaley)翻譯五言古詩和七言古詩的時候，用一種托馬斯·艾略特(T。S。Eliot) 和 E。 龐 德(EzraPound)都很欣賞的節奏。這個形式中，譯文用一個讀重的音節來相配每一個中文的音節。譯文讀重的音節之間會出現一個或者幾個讀輕的音節。因此，譯文的句子比原文的句子常常長得多：“十五，從軍征”可以譯成英文的“At the age of fifteen I followed the armya’field”。我們同樣的可以把“少小，離家，老大回”譯成“As a very young boy I left my home，as a very old man I return”。雖然不是傳統意義上的嚴格的對仗，卻用共通的道理在英文的語境中表現了中國古典詩歌的格律之美。

　　Although, translators can hardly reflect the structure and rhythm of the original text when they translate five-character and seven-character ancient Chinese poems into foreign languages. But when Arthur Waley, a famous British Sinologist and translator, translated five-character and seven-character ancient poems, he used a Thomas Eliot. S. Eliot) and E. Ezra Pound enjoys the rhythm. In this form, the translation matches each Chinese syllable with a stressed syllable. There will be one or more light syllables between the stressed syllables in the translation. Therefore, the sentences in the translated version are often much longer than those in the original: "Fifteen Years, Military Expedition" can be translated into "At the age of fifteen I followed the armya'field" in English. We can also translate "As a very young boy I left my home, as a very old man I return" into "As a very young boy I left my home, as a very old man I return". Although it is not a rigorous conflict in the traditional sense, it expresses the beauty of Chinese classical poetry in the English context with common principles.

中譯國際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.